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- COMPOUND INTEREST
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- When an amount is invested at a
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- compound interest rate, the interest
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- for each period, instead of being paid
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- when due, is added to and becomes part
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- of the principal. Hence, the interest
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- for each period is computed on a
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- principal which increases
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- periodically.
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- When interest is added to the
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- principal at the end of each period,
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- it is said to be CONVERTED into
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- principal, or COMPOUNDED.
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- As an example, suppose that a
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- principal of $1000 is invested at 12%
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- (per year), compounded monthly. A
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- period is one month, and the interest
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- rate per period is then 1% per month.
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- A month-by-month view of how the
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- principal grows follows:
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- MONTH PRINCIPAL INTEREST PRINC+INT
- 1 $1000.00 $10.00 $1010.00
- 2 $1010.00 $10.10 $1020.10
- 3 $1020.10 $10.20 $1030.30
- 4 $1030.30 $10.30 $1040.60
- 5 $1040.60 $10.41 $1051.01
- 6 $1051.01 $10.51 $1061.52
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- and so on...
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- The formula for the compound amount
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- of an initial amount P, with interest
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- rate PER PERIOD i, for n periods, is
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- n
- S = P(1+i) .
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- On your C-64, this becomes
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- S = P*(1+i)^n.
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- To see that the formula above is
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- correct, try to follow the following
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- argument.
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- You invest amount P at i% per month
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- (for example an APR of 12% would be 1%
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- per month).
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- At the end of the first month, when
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- the amount of interest is computed,
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- the principal P is iP. Thus, the
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- principal on which the next month's
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- interest is computed is P+iP, or
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- factoring out P, it is P(1+i).
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- At the end of the second month the
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- interest is i percent of P(1+i), or
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- iP(1+i). The principal for next month
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- is then the sum P(1+i) + iP(1+i). By
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- factoring out P(1+i) from both terms,
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- we get P(1+i)(1+i) which is equal to
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- 2
- P(1+i) .
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- Continuing in this manner it is easy
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- to see that the amount at the end of n
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- months is
- n
- S=P(1+i) .
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- As an example, use your C-64 to
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- verify that the amount that you would
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- have in your account at the end of
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- seven years (84 months) at 10% APR
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- compounded monthly on an initial
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- investment of $1000 is $2007.
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- To do that, try entering the
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- following line the next time you turn
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- on your computer:
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- PRINT 1000*(1+.10/12)^84
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- This calculation allows the
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- following observation: Money doubles
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- in seven years at 10% compounded
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- monthly.
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- Next verify for yourself that money
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- triples at 12% compounded monthly in
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- ten years.
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- If you want to run the LOADSTAR
- \oad"amortization",8
- AMORTIZATION PROGRAM now, press "\".
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- ----< continued in next article >-----
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